Teaching Philosophy Essay example -- Education Teachers Careers Essays

Teaching PhilosophyRalph W. Tyler, an influential figure in early twentieth nose candy educational reform believed that the purpose of life was learning. He said, When one ceases to learn, one ceases to live life to the fullest. The biological basis of man has changed little since the cave days. However, each generation becomes new ideas and elaborates on those ideas which have previously existed. With education, ideals set forth from a society or culture can be preserved and create a powerful generativity of knowledge, linking the past with the present while ensuring future posterity. One must not only understand the knowledge of the past and see the events of the present, moreover must also seek a common link between themselves and the future. Knowledge will provide the connection, as each idea is a initiate of another and therefore a part of another time. The ideas of the past with generate the ideas of the future and through this knowledge man will live forever. The c ulture of American society is based on democratic principles that embrace individuality and personal freedom. To be part of this, one must first understand their place at heart that society and see themselves as an integral part of it. Therefore, the American educational systems should provide youthful minds with a base of knowledge from which beliefs, opinions, and orientations can be formed. The teaching of students who value themselves as a not only a part of their society but see themselves as a part of a big cause will aid in the promotion democracy and preserve the integrity of its ideals. Instruction should be designed in a manner that promotes the bedrock of education emphasizing an eclectic methodology that embraces the individual... ... thought, elevates interest, and therefore creates a impulse to learn will eliminate possible disciplinary problems. With desire discipline becomes unnecessary. A mutual bond of respect and utility will naturally form between tea cher and student. The instructor will provide wanted knowledge to an eager and respectful student. As a teacher one can only hope to merit the respect of their students and in consequence further their unquenchable desire for knowledge. Instructors must provide a secure learning environment that fosters the development or reinforcement of positive self-concepts and intellectual development. The acquisition of skills and knowledge transmitted from teacher to student will aid in the formation of individuals capable of making valuable contributions to their present society while furthering the progression of knowledge for the future.

The Development Of Desire :: essays research papers fc

The Development of DesireThe development of the male warrior, throughout literature, has a figurerelationship with the development of westerly civilization. The attri hardlyes awarrior holds, fall respectively with the attributes that each society held asvaluable. These characteristics, started by societies ideals, become thewarriors only reasons for continuing their heroics. The ideals however dochange with each warrior. At the beginning we have a warrior with one mission,which later the warriors become more challenged and have to change ideas andconcepts to continue. The evolution of the warriors desires becomes the complexideals that western civilization develops over time. With this progression ofcivilization, from simple to complex ideals, so will the evolution of the idealsand desires of our heroes change from simple to complex.Odysseus is a man who is both strong and smart, but most known not forthe brawn of his body, but the wits of his brain. A man who is loved in everyco untry, but Trojan, and could tolerate where ever he chooses, his sailors knew thisto be true as one bench mate to the next, It never fails. He is welcomeeverywhere hail to the captain when he goes ashore (Homer 166). The badinagefalls as Odysseus only desires his homeland. Begin when all the rest who leftbehind them headlong death in battle or at ocean had long ago returned, while heOdysseus alone still hungered for home and wife (Homer 1).Odysseus has many opportunities to end his journeys and start a new life.For instance, if he desired, Odysseus was able to stay with Kalypso who wantedhim forever, Her ladyship Kalypso clung to him in her sea-hollowed caves- anymph, immortal and most beautiful, who craved him for her own (Homer 1).Kalypso knows even though she has Odysseus in her home, he is not hers to have. Son of Laertes, versatile Odysseus, aft(prenominal) all these years with me, you stilldesire your old home? Even so I wish you well( Homer 87). To which Odysseusreplies, . ..Yet, it is true, each day I long for home, long for the sight ofhome... (Homer 87). Another chance for Odysseus to start a new life is offeredby the king of the Phaecians to marry his daughter and live on that point ...seeingthe man that you are, seeing your thoughts are my own thoughts-my daughtershould be yours and you my son-in-law, if you remained. ( Homer 120). In eachcase, Odysseus, only wants to return to his wife Penelope, his son, and most ofall his homeland.

My First Dance Performance :: essays research papers

Dancing has been a passion with me for a long sentence. My mother tells me how any melody had me dancing when I was a toddler. On growing up I tried nurture some serious dancing and after trying both Bharat Natyam and Kathak, I decided to pursue Kathak seriously.So, I have been learning Kathak for more than a year now. My Guruji teaches me twice a week about the steps, taals and abhinaya of Kathak.My passion for Kathak has grown since I started learning it. After my sessions I spend time rehearsing the steps and mudras and also love to watch performances on stage ant TV. I have been longing for an opportunity to perform onstage before a live audience.I did not have to wait long for an opportunity to dance on stage because the teachers decided to put up a Kathak group dance for the Class Fives form evening.Preparing for the final evening was as much fun as the event itself. We were a group of 18 girls. Some, like I, had some background in Kathak while others were dancing in this style for the first time. The teachers worked hard with us over a period of twenty dollar bill days. They encouraged the team and were patient with us as we fumbled with the steps. It was hard work as the steps of the dance were changed few times till we got the steps all(prenominal) the eighteen girls were comfortable with. We did not grudge the effort and looked forward to performing before the parents.While the steps of dancers and the co-ordination amongst the team was being repeatedly rehearsed, the teachers decided upon the dresses, jewelry and makeup of the dancers. I thoroughly enjoyed every moment of the preparation to the big event.Finally, the day of the form evening arrived. The parents in the audience were in for an impressive display. Ours was the terzetto item. The girls trooped in eager to give their best and to make the class look good. We all danced to the music, perfect and well co-ordinated in our steps. I was right in the shopping mall and was one of the two dancers in the front.

Apologies :: Writing Education Themewriting Essays

ApologiesI cant apologize enough for this ugly piece of themewriting. Yes, I admit it, I wrote a standard themewriting write up. I started with a cute little introduction with my thesis sentence at the end of my introductory paragraph. Once I established my thesis statement I backed it up with the three magical points that were neatly wrapped up in three short paragraphs. I ended with a brilliant conclusion that only did what a standard themewriting paper does, I restated my introduction and what I had said in the three paragraphs prior to the conclusion. The whole paper makes me want to throw-up. I could k straight handed in just my conclusion because it said what the rest of the paper did with less of a waste of paper. I should have known when I read the conclusion that the paper was dung but of course I didnt have the knowledge of expository 220 yet. I learned rather a bit in the twelve weeks that the course offered. I learned how to use the web, how to write solid exposition, and how to rip apart a paper that I thought was solid just twelve weeks ago. As I started to look over my paper the first occasion that really popped out at me was my deprivation to over-simplify everything. Instead of writing for a college professor my work looked more like a elementary school level expository assignment. I should have followed it up with a What I did this summer paper. I was embarrassed that I had wrote at such a level. My grammar was clearly not up to a university standard. Im not aspect that to write simple is wrong but I did so in such a way where, as I look at it now, I could have said a lot more to enhance the paper and really say it in a different manner. As I blab out about the simplicity of my former work Id also really like to state that I had a very over-simplified point. My metaphor for my university education has been over ready-made enough already. I didnt offer anything new and really had no real meaning to my paper. Looking back at the assignm ent I realize now that I didnt put enough thought into what I was writing about, which really showed in my writing. I should have explored other metaphors before jumping into the first thing that popped into my head.

operation overlord Essay -- essays research papers

Operation OverlordBy 1944 World War II had lasted nearly four and a half geezerhood. The entire fight nowdepended on the success or failure of an onslaught of France. The first three long time of the fighthad almost entirely been a chain of national socialist victories. They had succeeded in crushing Poland andforcing France to surrender. Hitlers attempts at capturing England were halted by the RAF,Royal Air Force. after(prenominal) the destroy Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hitler declared war onthe United States and forced Italy to follow. By November of 1942 Hitler began to pay for his string of mistakes. In Egypt his favoriteGeneral, firmament Marshal Erwin Rommel, had been defeated at The Alamein by the British 8thArmy, after being trapped between two armies. Hitler, fearing he would be captured, orderedhim back. The fleck in Russia had been so severe and foul that Marshal Stalin wasdemanding an allied landing in France, so as to force Hitler to move his multitude from Stalinsdivisions in the East. The line of trust between Stalin and the allies was thin, but fearing Russiawould will the was, the United States and Britain send Canadian soldiers and Britishcommandos to raid Frances Port of Dieppe. Nearly five-thousand troops were either dead,wounded or captured by the alert German forces, it had been a disaster. Britain and the United States were butting heads on whether to invade Europe at theearliest possible opportunity. Britain argued that a failure of not capturing a strong hold on abeachhead could set them back two years. In August of 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met inQuebec, Canada and the invasion was approved. The plan included the landing of allied troopson different beaches, and also the battles that would follow, on the quest for Berlin. Theshortest route would be Dover to Calais, but that would be a place where Ger many a(prenominal) wouldexpect an invasion and would be intemperately guarded. Now all eyes were pointing towards Normandy. The distance was almost twice that of Dover to Calais. The final check over of Operation Overlord was held on May 15,1944 at the St. capital of Minnesotas schoolin West London. The plan had taken nearly two years to plan. Attending the review waseveryone who had a role i... ...o late, the Germans had waited in addition long. The Germans fought to weethe gap and the British fought to reach Caen. Allied planes came to relieve some troops in theCotentin, and planes and ocean gunfire cut off the Germans. It was a stalemate. When Hitlerawoke and released the two divisions, he thought it would be enough to rid the allies inNormandy. The Panzer divisions got word at 5 p.m. and were ordered to move out at first light.It was too late. By June 8th, the holds on the beachheads were strong. 155,000 soldiers werepoured into Normandy on the first day alone. No accurate number of how many allied troops died in Normandy can be determined.After fifty-five days the allied troops had re ached where they should have five days after theinitial invasion. Still they prevailed. D-day had been the beginning of the end for the Germanrule. Today signs of the massive, and deadly battles that took place on the Normandy beachescan still be seen. Rusting hulks of ships still sunk in the sea can be seen. But the most visible, isthe soldiers cemeteries and the rows of carefully placed white crosses that remind people thecost of the invasion that day. operation captain Essay -- essays research papers Operation OverlordBy 1944 World War II had lasted nearly four and a half years. The entire war nowdepended on the success or failure of an invasion of France. The first three years of the warhad almost entirely been a chain of Nazi victories. They had succeeded in crushing Poland andforcing France to surrender. Hitlers attempts at capturing England were halted by the RAF,Royal Air Force. After the devastating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hitler declared war onth e United States and forced Italy to follow. By November of 1942 Hitler began to pay for his string of mistakes. In Egypt his favoriteGeneral, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, had been defeated at The Alamein by the British EighthArmy, after being trapped between two armies. Hitler, fearing he would be captured, orderedhim back. The fighting in Russia had been so severe and deadly that Marshal Stalin wasdemanding an allied landing in France, so as to force Hitler to move his troops from Stalinsdivisions in the East. The line of trust between Stalin and the allies was thin, but fearing Russiawould leave the was, the United States and Britain send Canadian soldiers and Britishcommandos to raid Frances Port of Dieppe. Nearly five-thousand troops were either dead,wounded or captured by the alert German forces, it had been a disaster. Britain and the United States were butting heads on whether to invade Europe at theearliest possible opportunity. Britain argued that a failure of not capturing a strong hold on abeachhead could set them back two years. In August of 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met inQuebec, Canada and the invasion was approved. The plan included the landing of allied troopson different beaches, and also the battles that would follow, on the quest for Berlin. Theshortest route would be Dover to Calais, but that would be a place where Germany wouldexpect an invasion and would be heavily guarded. Now all eyes were pointing towardsNormandy. The distance was almost twice that of Dover to Calais. The final review of Operation Overlord was held on May 15,1944 at the St. Pauls schoolin West London. The plan had taken nearly two years to plan. Attending the review waseveryone who had a role i... ...o late, the Germans had waited too long. The Germans fought to reachthe gap and the British fought to reach Caen. Allied planes came to relieve some troops in theCotentin, and planes and naval gunfire cut off the Germans. It was a stalemate. When Hitlerawoke and releas ed the two divisions, he thought it would be enough to rid the allies inNormandy. The Panzer divisions got word at 5 p.m. and were ordered to move out at first light.It was too late. By June 8th, the holds on the beachheads were strong. 155,000 soldiers werepoured into Normandy on the first day alone. No accurate number of how many allied troops died in Normandy can be determined.After fifty-five days the allied troops had reached where they should have five days after theinitial invasion. Still they prevailed. D-day had been the beginning of the end for the Germanrule. Today signs of the massive, and deadly battles that took place on the Normandy beachescan still be seen. Rusting hulks of ships still sunk in the sea can be seen. But the most visible, isthe military cemeteries and the rows of carefully placed white crosses that remind people thecost of the invasion that day.

operation overlord Essay -- essays research papers

Operation OverlordBy 1944 World War II had lasted nearly four and a half years. The entire war nowdep displaceed on the victory or failure of an invasion of France. The first three years of the warhad almost only been a chain of Nazi victories. They had succeeded in crushing Poland andforcing France to surrender. Hitlers attempts at capturing England were halted by the RAF,Royal Air Force. After the devastating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hitler declared war onthe United States and coerce Italy to follow. By November of 1942 Hitler began to pay for his string of mistakes. In Egypt his favoriteGeneral, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, had been defeated at The Alamein by the British EighthArmy, after being confine amid two armies. Hitler, fearing he would be captured, orderedhim back. The fighting in Russia had been so operose and deadly that Marshal Stalin wasdemanding an ally get in France, so as to force Hitler to move his troops from Stalinsdivisions in the East. The line of trust between Stalin and the allies was thin, but fearing Russiawould leave the was, the United States and Britain send Canadian soldiers and Britishcommandos to raid Frances Port of Dieppe. Nearly five-thousand troops were either dead,wounded or captured by the alert German forces, it had been a disaster. Britain and the United States were butting heads on whether to invade Europe at theearliest possible opportunity. Britain argued that a failure of not capturing a strong hold on abeachhead could personate them back two years. In August of 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met inQuebec, Canada and the invasion was approved. The plan included the landing of allied troopson different beaches, and also the battles that would follow, on the quest for Berlin. Theshortest r come to the foree would be Dover to Calais, but that would be a place where Germany would transport an invasion and would be heavily guarded. Now all eye were pointing towardsNormandy. The distance was almost twice th at of Dover to Calais. The final review of Operation Overlord was held on May 15,1944 at the St. Pauls schoolin West London. The plan had taken nearly two years to plan. Attending the review waseveryone who had a role i... ...o late, the Germans had waited too long. The Germans fought to shootthe gap and the British fought to reach Caen. Allied planes came to relieve some troops in theCotentin, and planes and naval gunfire cut bump off the Germans. It was a stalemate. When Hitlerawoke and released the two divisions, he thought it would be exuberant to rid the allies inNormandy. The Panzer divisions got word at 5 p.m. and were ordered to move out at first light.It was too late. By June 8th, the holds on the beachheads were strong. 155,000 soldiers werepoured into Normandy on the first day alone. No accurate number of how many allied troops died in Normandy foundation be determined.After fifty-five days the allied troops had reached where they should have five days after theiniti al invasion. Still they prevailed. D-day had been the beginning of the end for the Germanrule. Today signs of the massive, and deadly battles that took place on the Normandy beachescan still be seen. Rusting hulks of ships still sunk in the sea can be seen. But the most visible, isthe military cemeteries and the rows of carefully placed livid crosses that remind people thecost of the invasion that day. operation overlord Essay -- essays research text file Operation OverlordBy 1944 World War II had lasted nearly four and a half years. The entire war nowdepended on the success or failure of an invasion of France. The first three years of the warhad almost entirely been a chain of Nazi victories. They had succeeded in crushing Poland andforcing France to surrender. Hitlers attempts at capturing England were halted by the RAF,Royal Air Force. After the devastating Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, Hitler declared war onthe United States and forced Italy to follow. By No vember of 1942 Hitler began to pay for his string of mistakes. In Egypt his favoriteGeneral, Field Marshal Erwin Rommel, had been defeated at The Alamein by the British EighthArmy, after being trapped between two armies. Hitler, fearing he would be captured, orderedhim back. The fighting in Russia had been so severe and deadly that Marshal Stalin wasdemanding an allied landing in France, so as to force Hitler to move his troops from Stalinsdivisions in the East. The line of trust between Stalin and the allies was thin, but fearing Russiawould leave the was, the United States and Britain send Canadian soldiers and Britishcommandos to raid Frances Port of Dieppe. Nearly five-thousand troops were either dead,wounded or captured by the alert German forces, it had been a disaster. Britain and the United States were butting heads on whether to invade Europe at theearliest possible opportunity. Britain argued that a failure of not capturing a strong hold on abeachhead could set them back t wo years. In August of 1943, Roosevelt and Churchill met inQuebec, Canada and the invasion was approved. The plan included the landing of allied troopson different beaches, and also the battles that would follow, on the quest for Berlin. Theshortest route would be Dover to Calais, but that would be a place where Germany wouldexpect an invasion and would be heavily guarded. Now all eyes were pointing towardsNormandy. The distance was almost twice that of Dover to Calais. The final review of Operation Overlord was held on May 15,1944 at the St. Pauls schoolin West London. The plan had taken nearly two years to plan. Attending the review waseveryone who had a role i... ...o late, the Germans had waited too long. The Germans fought to reachthe gap and the British fought to reach Caen. Allied planes came to relieve some troops in theCotentin, and planes and naval gunfire cut off the Germans. It was a stalemate. When Hitlerawoke and released the two divisions, he thought it would be enou gh to rid the allies inNormandy. The Panzer divisions got word at 5 p.m. and were ordered to move out at first light.It was too late. By June 8th, the holds on the beachheads were strong. 155,000 soldiers werepoured into Normandy on the first day alone. No accurate number of how many allied troops died in Normandy can be determined.After fifty-five days the allied troops had reached where they should have five days after theinitial invasion. Still they prevailed. D-day had been the beginning of the end for the Germanrule. Today signs of the massive, and deadly battles that took place on the Normandy beachescan still be seen. Rusting hulks of ships still sunk in the sea can be seen. But the most visible, isthe military cemeteries and the rows of carefully placed white crosses that remind people thecost of the invasion that day.

Forest of Voices by Chris Anderson

In Chris Andersons essay titled Forest of Voices he dialogue about the forest around his house and what it means to him. However there is a much deeper meaning to his essay. Throughout the essay, one can get a hint of human interference and human interaction with forests.Anderson once thought of the forest as a station to get away from things and go encouragement and explore. He, like umteen others, just saw the trees from his place in town as a line of timber. His thoughts were changed however when he moved up to the bounds of the forest. He started to learn about the trees and how they provide habitat for more animals and different things.Anderson wanted us to know that he supports forests without actually saying it. He gives many clues to this. He tells us his go throughs in the forests with different people and hints to what he is feeling. He talks about human interference and what he has been seeing change in the forest. Take for instance the time when Anderson was walki ng in the woods and came upon a wedding. Another time he came upon a dirt bike race.Anderson came to realize that the forest pricy his house was a forest of voices. He began to see that the forest had a deep hi accounting and many voices to it. The forest also had a certain(p) language to it. This showed him that the forest is a complex place, a natural place, not just something to acquire some financial gain from.The general perception is that trees argon only good for three things. The first is lumber to build houses and other buildings. The second is paper for us to write on, and finally, to keep the childhood fear of a dark scary place in the forest stuck in our minds. Anderson came to realize that the forest is a much more complicated and interesting place. He started to experience the forest. He found that satellites now map out forests. He well-educated that the forest he lived by wasnt there one hundred age ago, but actually it was a prairie that the Indians burned until the white men and there diseases killed them off. That is when the trees started to grow and a forest took the prairies place.Humans interact with forests all the time. Anderson learned of the different types of forest management. He learned that trees fall naturally, trees fall because of disease and trees fall because we cut them down. There atomic number 18 many types of cuts. The clear cut, the two story cut, the slash and burn, and patch cuts are a few examples that Anderson learned about and witnessed first hand. There are many reasons why forests are cut down. single is to benefit economically, with furniture and homebuilding.Anderson talks a little bit about reforestation throughout the essay. There are many manners for planning a forest. The simplest method of replanting a forest is to not plant at all and leave it to nature. A suitable rootbed in which trees will readily take root is full for successful regeneration. Another method is reducing competition by eliminati ng grass, weed or shrubs securing a new crop of trees.These will sprout to produce seedlings. though the weeds were eliminated before, they still grow back, and because of this, poor quality trees will grow. Another method though, is to create a planned forest, where new conifers are grown from seed in a special nursery. Following this is the planting. In many cases, planting is the only means of initiating a new forest. Usually immature forests have to be tended. This means continuing protection from fires, disease and insects and routine thinning to focus the growth on selected crop trees. Yes, it does take money to do all of the methods give tongue to above, but it is worth it to human.In summary of the above, trees are very valuable to the human race economically and for health. Without trees, the environment could worsen to the point where we would be nourishment on one large dessert. We must remember that forests do not grow as easily as they employ to because of fires and other disasters. This is why many forests are planned, and cared for. This is also where technology comes into play. The satellites map out the forests that have been planted by us. We also have airplanes and helicopters that put out fires. America sends thousands of people to flake fires across the US all the time. Scientists have studied fires and we now know a lot about how they spread and there danger. Great amounts of money are spent on forests every year to protect it and to log it.There are many reasons why we should have reforestation. One being mostly that we get hold of forest to live There are not many arguments against reforestation, but there can be some opposition for the land being used by the University. Anderson feels replanting of forests is very crucial to the human race. At the end of the story, Anderson runs back to his home in the forest. This is where he is comfortable. We as humans need a place to go. We need beauty around us. Forests provide this and much more. He states that he wants local and personal knowledge. This means he wants people in the communities that are near forests to be aware of whats in them. We live in an age of human interference, leaving behind us the past. With the past we are forgetting forests we must depict sure this doesnt happen.

Persuasive Essay on Positive Thinking Essay

Positive thinking is a skill that I believe every unrivaled should master and use as a everyday way of life.First you need to know the law of attraction. From on that point you can start a new life style that can only rightfully benefit you.The law of attraction is how positive energy attracts positive energy and negative energy attracts negative energy. There is a man named Morris Goodman I knowing ab bug egress in the book The Secret, by Rhonda Byrne. His story is amazing. Morris Goodman was in a plane crash march of 1981. Morris surrvived the plane crash but was left paralyzed, his spinal cord was crushed, and his diaphram was destroyed which left him unable to breath on his own. He lost the ability to do anything but blink and think*. No one thought he would be much of anything ever again because of the severity of his injuries. Morris did not believe this. He set a goal of walking out of that hospital by Christmas.All Morris did was focus on breathing, and walking, and bein g positive, not allowing anyone or anything distract him from his goal. He did, Morris achieved his goal. Doctors were at a loss for explanation, but Morris Goodman walked out of that hospital before Christmas. Morris Goodman is The Maracle Man. He proved that whatever you put your mind to you can do.The power of positive thinking can benefit everyone in uncounted ways increase self esteem, increase confidence, and a more relaxed state of mind. Just to name a few. You see the consequences of negative thinking everyday. You see it in war and violence, even on the local level. Depression and poverty are often consequences of negative thinking as well. Could you imagine what the world would be equal if the whole world believed they could achieve anything they dream of? Could you imagine what your life would be like if you truely believed you could achieve anything you want? If you are always thinking positive there is no room for the negative. Increase of self esteem, confidence, a m ore relaxed state of mind will all manifest from just that . This is a skill that I believe everyone can benefit from.* Some of this info taken from themaracleman.org run by Morris Goodman.

Gems, Jewelry and Diamonds

The history says that India is k promptlyn for the birthplace for the one of the strongest metals i.e. adamants. Initi every(prenominal)y diamonds were only exploit in India and were exportinged around the macrocosm and were used as a medium of exchange for the commodities until the people knew its actual worth and how much materialist things that they can buy from it.Currently, India produces 33000 carats of rough diamond and more than 800 gazillion of rough and polished cut diamonds. Few of the Major hubs and producers of diamonds in India.Surat is k straightn for largest market of manufacturing of diamonds in India.Mumbai is known for the wholesalers market and where most of the trading takes place at BKC.Delhi is known for its silver jewelry and its manufacturing.There ar many another(prenominal) other states like Jaipur, Kolkata, Trichur where we can find the precious metals, synthetic diamond and light heavy jewelry respectively around the states in India. Indian Gems, J ewelry and Diamond IndustryOver the years India has been the greatest manufacturing of cut and polished diamond.The sector contributes to around 16% of the export of the country and 93% around the globe. To add more to it Gems and Jewelry has become the second largest industry in earning foreign currency and Gujarat is one of the largest manufacturers of diamonds around the globe.The Diamond Jewelry market has acquired the growth rate of 6% in India and the size of the industry is approximately Rs.6000 crore. Indian has been successful in achieving these goals in cutting and shine business is all because of the competitive price and ready to work at a low margin.Moreover, India has developed a specialized skill in shining large and magnificent stones with fancy cuts which again increase the chances of success. Not only this this but most of the mild business have introduced high end machinery from which now they can get the best product from a raw or a polish diamond.The Gold dem and that the Indian market has rose from 9.13 % to 726.9 tones in 2017. As per the recent records it suggested that India has imported approximately $29 billion during the previous year. To Conclude, India has grown to become such a successful market that countries and companies are now insisting their diamonds to be manufactured in India.Industry Structure in IndiaGems JewelryDiamond Jewelry Precious treasureCut Polished Gold PearlRough Precious Metal Color Gem Stone Costume/ Fashion Synthetic Stone Market Segment The diamond market has three segments1. Industrial Diamond Under this there are all the natural and synthetic diamonds that are manufactured in the industry. It comprises of 25% of the core.Jewelry Diamond All the assembled products such as the ready-made jewelry and gemstones are categorized under this section. It comprises of 15% of the total.3. Investment Diamond it comprises of both the rough stones which are very expensive. It comprises of 60% of the total.Market OverviewEvery year 124 million carats of rough diamonds are being mined by Alrosa, BHP Billiton, De Beers, etc. The market value of these diamond is around $15 billion. Moreover, there has been a significant improvement in the growth by 31%.India has considered to be the largest exporter in gems and jewelry and to our knowledge the industry has played a very important role in Indian economy as it contributes a large part in the foreign reserves of the country.Other then, India, USA, Russia, China, Belgium, Hong Kong are few of the worlds biggest dealers in the diamonds.Export of Gems and Jewelry IndustryIf we invite analysis the data we can see that, the net export of the industries gems and jewelry has shown rise of 7.06 % in the annual growth rate.During the previous year the overall net exports were $35.51 billion and has reduced slightly in the current and will surely rise. Notes * Data from April-February 2018, CAGR Compound Annual Growth target till FY 2017.Source GJEPC, M edia sources.Import of Gems and JewelryIndia is also of the largest importer of gems and jewelry as well.If we see in the figures the Indias total rose from $11.63 billion to $42.72 billion from the years 2005 to 2012 respectively and since then it has shown a gradual set back during the next year. Again, the market has also gained strength aft(prenominal) the fall from $42.72 million to $24 million and now covering back by $28.78 million during the previous years.Notes * Data from April-February 2018, CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate till FY 2017.Source GJEPCGovernment Incentives and Strategies Developed by CompaniesThe Government has introduced the Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendras which will help create skill and provide labor.Moreover, it will provide vocational development to the engaged peoples who are getting training in it. The Make in India initiative will boost the exports and it will provide critical regulatory manikin for the proposal Special Notified Zone(SNZs). Howev er, it will also benefit the small-scale businesses (SMEs) that are involved with the industry.The government has proposed to cut down the tax to 25% for the micro and small-scale enterprises which was announced in the recent Union Budget. The government has permitted 100% FDI. After the booming of the ecommerce, many companies have started selling their jewelry online.Not only this but, many companies have tied up with the Amazon to sell their product online at discount. Companies also have provided buy-back option to the customer if they dislike the product but I think there are still terms and conditions to be stringent so that it will ease the procedure.Few of the Key Players in the Indian market are Tanishq, Malabar Gold Diamond, Gitanjali, Nirav Modi, PCJ, TBZ, Kalyan, Venus Jewels.

Pros and Cons

Nowadays the majority of women prefer hospital when they give fork up, though there are other places offering apparent benefits for pregnant women outside the hospital setting. When a woman is preparing for turn out she needs to make up decision where to have a baby. Many women would be surprised finding out that hospitals dont always have available places for women who give birth. Therefore, women are seeking for new places outside hospitals and birth centers are possible the best ones.Hospitals provide only standardized care meaning the women are obliged to do things the hospitals way without responding to their individual needs. In contrast to hospitals, nativity centers welcome women to walk around, to drink, to eat and to choose the most comfortable position when giving birth. Further, birth centers are claimed to be more private and intimate than hospitals. Patients get acquainted with al staff members and when it is time for women to give birth, she may be the only patie nt of giving birth at that time.One more benefit is that birth centers provide more attention when they teach patients about breastfeed. Speaking about other advantages of birthing centers it is necessary to note that there are fewer medical interventions, higher commitment of medical staff, natural pain relief option, better freedom of movements during birth of baby and, finally, better conditions. Many birth centers provide help of doulas for future mothers.Doulas offer wide range of support for women including massage, aromatherapy, coping techniques and continuous reassurance. Support of doulas force in reduced cesarean rate, epidural requests, analgesia use and forceps delivery. Nevertheless, certain disadvantages of birthing centers exist. For example, centers have no available anesthesia. They have difficulties with transferring from centers to hospitals if there are complications with wither women or infant.Also birthing centers arent suited for women expecting twins, suffe ring from diabetes and having high blood pressure. References paying Center. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http//www. americanpregnancy. org/labornbirth/birthingcenter. html Birthing Choices Care Providers and Labor Locations. Retrieved April 27, 2007, from http//www. americanpregnancy. org/planningandpreparing/birthingchoices. html Rooks, J. & Weatherby, N. (1989). Outcomes of Care in Birth Centers. The New England Journal of Medicine, 321, 26, 1804-1811.

Analysis of Contemporary Health Care Issues Essay

US wellness cargon expenditures have been rising quickly over the past few years it has risen more than the subject field financial system. Nonetheless a number of citizens in the US still lack appropriate health c be. If the truth be told, health business organisation expenditures are going to continue to increase in addition numerous individuals go out possibly have to make difficult choices pertaining to their health cover. Our health system has excise problems that require reform, through reforming, there is optimism that there will be an increase in affordable health care and high-quality of care for America.Medicaid, Medicare and private sector insurances are all going through trials and tribulations because of spending. Obama Cares purpose is to put consumers back in charge of their health care and aid in driving down the bell of spending in health care. The reform will also strive to put forward a delivery system that operates better for all conglomerate thereby decrea sing organizational burdens and assisting in the collaboration towards improved care. If the reform is successful, it will lead to measureable improvements in care outcomes, and in the health of the American common public overall. Non-profit/ProfitWhile non-profit organizations dominate the delivery of health function, there are more than a few for-profit organizations that remain affected by health care spending as well. By having Obama Care in place, non-profit and profit organizations can possibly see an increase by way of earnings and consumers. The chief operating officer of See Change Health Martin Watson, made a statement that said without health reform, we figured we would get to the $800 million mark (in earnings) by 2016.With health reform, it looks want well hit $1.5 billion by 2016. (Kennedy, K. 2012). Although undeniable, numerous for-profit organizations may gain as a result of the reform, non-profit organizations may perhaps thrive also. In 2014, guarantors cannot profit by means of rejecting coverage any longer, consequently they will be more motivated to keep people rosy-cheeked. (Kennedy, K, 2012). Due to the continuous changes by health care reform to the current system, everyone could benefit from sustaining spending. Financial Management StaffThe Financial management staff is accountable for acquiring and effectuallymaking use of the resources requisite for operating efficiently. The first step the staff should take is to assess and develop economic proficiency of the present setup in addition to preparation for the anticipation of future operations. Financial management staffs must plan, obtain and use funds to yield the complete benefits of the efficiency and assessment of its project. The next focus should be on long-term investments decisions, like new accommodations and machinery, and also how to obtain funds needed to purchase the necessities essential to sustain operation.Contract management is another responsibility. Health s ervices establishments have to negotiate, monitor, and sign contracts with managed care organizations and third-party payers. (Halvorson, G.C. 2005). Since costs is excessive, there is hopefulness that the reform act can aid the pecuniary staffs to maintain or lessen their expenditures thru generating rudimentary regulations and standards. Rules and Regulations there are numerous rules and regulations the financial management staff must address pertaining to national health care spending. Their aim should be improved care, ensuring more healthy individuals and societies, all the while making sure affordable care is available for individuals, while lowering or sustaining health care spending. Making quality care more affordable for individuals, families, employers and governments by developing and spreading new health care delivery models is key. (National Strategy, 2011). Financial management must come up with proposals that will nurture new ideas, devices or processes to promote an d lessen costs The Affordable Care Act has provisions that will help financial management flowerpot with simplification.By having extra electronic processing and less form-filling, it will eliminate the need to spend money on check printing, phone calls, and postage charges. decrease and synchronization is needed for administrative. National health care spending is a heated issue however there is a single entity that all touch upon and that is there needs to be cut backs or the maintaining of current expenses. The current reform will help decrease the percentage of Americans who are without coverage. An vigilant rumination on healthcare spending is needed, at the rate its going now thing dont look too good financially for anyone when it comes to healthcare.References subdivision of Health & Human Services. (2011). National Strategy for Quality Improvement in health care. Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office. Halvorson, G. C. (2005). Healthcare Tipping Points. Healthcar e Financial Management (March) 74-80. Kennedy, K. (2012). Healthcare Laws Impact on Businesses Varies. Retrieved from http//usatoday.30.usatoday.com Woolhandler, S., & Himmelstein, D. (2011). Healthcare Reform 2.0 Social Research, 78 (3), 719-730

Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov Analysis Essay

Vladimir Nabokovs choice of subject in his novel Lolita shocked readers, exclusively that was essentially why he chose it. Beetz, states that Nabokovs first inspiration for the novel came from a newspaper story about an ape who after months of coaxing by a scientist, produced the first drawing always charcoaled by an animal this sketch showed the bars of the poor creatures cage Nabokov said. As many critics redeem remarked Lolita is not about sex but about cacoethes. Even more it is about obsession-and the destructive power it can hold over the lives of its victims.(Beetz 2481) Also with out the shock value of Lolitas blasphemous subject of the love story between a man and his twelve year old step daughter, the book most likely would not have nonplus as famous as it is. As Serafin states, Lolita became very popular underground after it was banned in Europe.The taboo of it being banned commingle with Nabokovs sparkling wit made Lolita a sensation.(338) As Hart says in the 1950s peoples attitudes towards sex were still very puritanical and conservative.(158) By exploiting the scandalousness of the assault of the last sexual taboo, the relationship between an adult and child, Nabokov was able to really show the extent of the power of infatuation, love and obsession. As Nabokov shows in his novel Humbert Humbert knows what he is doing to Lolita is wrong, but his burning desire for her drives him to violate his own morals. He even used morals to try and justify his actions, The moral sense in mortals is the tradingWe have to pay on mortal sense of yellowish pink(Nabokov 300)In this quote Humbert dilutes himself into thinking he has a moral obligation to appreciate the beauty that is Lolita, when in reality he has a moral obligation to leave Lolita alone and allow her to have a normal childhood. Another quote in which Nabokov shows how Humberts obsession controls him is the following I felt proud of myself. I had stolen the honey of a spasm without impairing the morals of a minor. Absolutely no legal injury done.(Nabokov 65) In this quote he is referring to pleasuring him self while near Lolita with out actually touching her.The very nature of his actions show his desperation and it soon become apparent that Humberts twisted fantasies will not satiate his obsession for long and that he will act on it and impair the morals of a minor. By using the shock to readers of a relationship between an adult and a child, Nabokov successfully was able to show the extent of what obsession and love can drive a person to do. Humberts obsession lead him to ruin the lives of himself, Clare Quilty and the childhood of Lolita. Nabokov choose his taboo subject for Lolita to increase the impact of the computer addresss actions as driven by his own infatuation.

Spirit Bound Chapter Twenty-Three

I DIDNT NEED THE BOND to find Lissa. The crowd tipped me finish up to where sheand Dimitriwere.My first thought was that approximately kind of stoning or medieval mobbing was going on. Then I documentaryized that the people standing around were simply watching whatever topic. I pushed by them, heedless of the dirty looks I got, until I stood in the front row of the onlookers. What I found brought me to a halt.Lissa and Dimitri sat side by side on a bench while three Moroi andyikesHans sat opposite them. Guardians stood scattered around them, tense and ready to jump in if things went bad, apparently. Before I level(p) heard a word, I knew exactly what was going on. This was an interrogation, an investigation to determine what Dimitri was exactly.Under most circumstances, this would be a spiritual place for a dress investigation. It was, ironic in entirelyy, one of the courtyards Eddie and I had worked on, the one that stood in the shadow of the statue of the young queen. The Courts church service building stood nearby. This grassy area wasnt exactly holy ground, nevertheless it was close enough to the church that people could run to it in an emergency. Crucifixes didnt hurt Strigoi, but they couldnt cross oer into a church, mosque, or any opposite sacred place. Between that and the morning sun, this was in alone(a) likelihood as safe a location and time as officials could muster up to head Dimitri.I recognized one of the Moroi questioners, Reece Tarus. He was related to Adrian on his moms side but had also spoken in favor of the age decree. So I took an instant dislike to him, particularly considering the haughty tone he used toward Dimitri.Do you find the sun blinding? asked Reece. He had a clipboard in front of him and appeared to be going down a checklist.No, said Dimitri, express smooth and controlled. His attention was totally on his questioners. He had no clue I was there, and I kind of liked it that musical mode. I wished to bonny s cr oupe at him for a moment and admire his features.What if you stare into the sun?Dimitri hesitated, and Im non sure anyone but me caught the sudden glint in his eyesor knew what it meant. The question was stupid, and I think Dimitrimaybe, just maybe exigencyed to laugh. With his normal skill, he maintained his composure.Anyone would go blind staring into the sun long enough, he replied. Id go through what anyone else here would.Reece didnt seem to like the answer, but there was no fault in the logic. He pursed his lips to confound gother and locomote on to the next question. Does it assault your skin?Not at the moment.Lissa glanced over at the crowd and noticed me. She couldnt feel me the way I could through our bond, but sometimes it seemed she had an uncanny spirit of when I was around. I think she sense my aura if I was close enough, since all spirit users claimed the field of light around shadow-kissed people was very distinct. She gave me a small smile in the beginning tur ning back to the questioning.Dimitri, ever vigilant, noticed her tiny movement. He looked over to see what had distracted her, caught sight of me, and faltered a atomic on Reeces next question, which was, Have you noticed whether your eyes occasionally turn red?I Dimitri stared at me for several(prenominal) moments and then jerked his head back toward Reece. I achent been around many mirrors. But I think my guards would pret abrogate noticed, and none of them have said anything.Nearby, one of the guardians made a small noise. He barely managed to keep a straight side of meat, but I think he too had deficiencyed to snicker at the ridiculous line of questioning. I couldnt crawfish out his name, but when Id been at Court long ago, he and Dimitri had chatted and laughed quite a bit when together. If an old friend was starting to trust Dimitri was a dhampir once more, then that had to be a good sign.The Moroi next to Reece glared around, trying to figure out where the noise had c ome from, but discovered nothing. The questioning continued, this time having to do with whether Dimitri would step into the church if they asked him to.I can go right directly, he told them. Ill go to services tomorrow if you want. Reece made another differentiate, no doubt wondermenting if he could get the priest to douse Dimitri in holy water.This is all a distraction, a familiar voice said in my ear. Smoke and mirrors. Thats what Aunt Tasha says. Christian now stood beside me.It impoverishments to be done, I murmured back. They have to see that he isnt Strigoi any more than(prenominal).Yeah, but theyve barely signed the age law. The queen gave the go-ahead for this as soon as the Councils session permit out because its sensational and will brace people pay attention to something new. It was how they finally got the hall cleared. Hey, go look at the sideshowI could almost hear Tasha saying that word for word. Regardless, there was truth to it. I felt conflicted. I wanted D imitri to be free. I wanted him to be the way he used to be. Yet I didnt appreciate Tatiana doing this for her own po lighten upical gain and not because she actually cared about(predicate) what was right. This was possibly the most monumental thing to happen in our history. It needed to be treated as such. Dimitris fate shouldnt be a convenient sideshow to distract everyone from an unfair law.Reece was now asking two Lissa and Dimitri to describe exactly what theyd experienced the night of the raid. I had a feeling this was something theyd recounted quite a bit. Although Dimitri had been the picture of nonthreatening composure so far, I allay perceive that gray feel to him, the guilt and torment he felt over what he had done as a Strigoi. Yet, when he turned to listen to Lissa announce her version of the story, his face lit up with wonder. Awe. Worship.Jealousy flashed through me. His feelings werent romantic, but it didnt matter. What mattered was that he had rejected me but regarded her as the greatest thing in the world. Hed told me neer to talk to him again and sworn hed do anything for her. Again I felt that petulant sense of being wronged. I refused to believe that he couldnt love me anymore. It wasnt possible, not after all he and I had been through together. Not after everything wed felt for each other.They sure seem close, Christian noted, a suspicious note in his voice. I had no time to tell him his worries were unfounded because I wanted to hear what Dimitri had to say.The story of his counterchange was cloggy for others to follow, largely because spirit was dumb so misunderstood. Reece got as oft out of it as he could and then turned the questioning over to Hans. Hans, ever practical, had no need for extensive interrogation. He was a man of action, not words. Gripping a stake in his hand, he asked Dimitri to touch it. The standing guardians tensed, probably in case Dimitri tried to snaffle the stake and go on a rampage.Instead, Dimitri calmly reached out and held the top of the stake for a few moments. There was a collective intake of suggestion as everyone waited for him to scream in pain since Strigoi couldnt touch charmed silver. Instead, Dimitri looked bored.Then he astonished them all. Drawing his hand back, he held out the bottom of his muscled forearm toward Hans. With the sunny weather, Dimitri was wearing a T-shirt, leaving the skin there bare.Cut me with it, he told Hans.Hans arched an eyebrow. Cutting you with this will hurt no matter what you are.It would be unbearable if I were a Strigoi, Dimitri pointed out. His face was hard and determined. He was the Dimitri Id seen in battle, the Dimitri who never backed down. Do it. Dont go easy on me.Hans didnt react at first. Clearly, this was an unexpected course of action. Decision finally flashed across his features, and he struck out, swiping the stakes point against Dimitris skin. As Dimitri had requested, Hans didnt hold back. The point dug deep, and blo od welled up. Several Moroi, not used to seeing blood (unless they were drinking it), gasped at the violence. As one, we all leaned forward.Dimitris face showed he definitely felt pain, but charmed silver on a Strigoi wouldnt just hurtit would burn. Id cut a lot of Strigoi with stakes and heard them scream in agony. Dimitri grimaced and bit his lip as the blood flowed over his arm. I swear, there was pride in his eyes at his ability to stay strong through that.When it became obvious he wouldnt start flailing, Lissa reached toward him. I sensed her intentions she wanted to heal him.Wait, said Hans. A Strigoi would heal from this in minutes.I had to give Hans credit. Hed worked two tests into one. Dimitri quill him a satisfying look, and Hans gave a small nod of acknowledgment. Hans believed, I realized. Whatever his faults, Hans truly thought Dimitri was a dhampir again. I would love him forever for that, no matter how much filing he made me do.So, we all stood there watching poor Dimitri bleed. It was kind of sick, really, but the test worked. It was obvious to everyone that the cut wasnt going anywhere. Lissa was finally given leave to heal it, and that caused a big reaction among the crowd. Murmurs of wonder surrounded me, and those enraptured goddess-worshipping looks showed on peoples faces.Reece glanced at the crowd. Does anyone have any questions to add to ours?No one spoke. They were all dumbfounded by the sights forward them.Well, someone had to step forward. Literally.I do, I said, striding toward them.No, Rose, begged Lissa.Dimitri wore an equally displeased look. Actually, so did almost everyone sitting near him. When Reeces gaze fell on me, I had a feeling he was seeing me in the Council room all over again, calling Tatiana a sanctimonious bitch. I put my hands on my hips, not caring what they thought. This was my chance to force Dimitri to acknowledge me.When you used to be Strigoi, I began, making it clear that I believed that was in the past , you were very well connected. You knew about the whereabouts of stacks of Strigoi in Russia and the U.S., right?Dimitri eyed me carefully, trying to figure out where I was going. Yes.Do you still know them?Lissa frowned. She thought I was going to inadvertently overwhelm Dimitri as still being in contact with other Strigoi.Yes, he said. So long as none of them have moved. The answer came more swiftly this time. I wasnt sure if hed guessed my tactic or if he just trusted that my Rose-logic would go somewhere useful.Would you share that information with the guardians? I asked. Would you tell us all the Strigoi hideouts so that we could strike out against them?That got a reaction. Proactively seeking Strigoi was as hotly debated as the other issues going around right now, with strong opinions on all sides. I heard those opinions reiterated behind me in the crowd, some people saying I was suggesting suicide while others acknowledged we had a valuable tool.Dimitris eyes lit up. It wa snt the adoring look he often gave Lissa, but I didnt care. It was similar to the ones we used to share, in those moments where we understood each other so perfectly, we didnt even need to vocalize what we were thinking. That connection flashed between us, as did his approvaland gratitude.Yes, he replied, voice strong and loud. I can tell you everything I know about Strigoi plans and locations. Id face them with you or stay behindwhichever you wanted.Hans leaned forward in his chair, expression eager. That could be invaluable. More points for Hans. He was on the side of hitting out at Strigoi before they came to us.Reece flushedor maybe he was just feeling the sun. In their efforts to see if Dimitri would burn up in the light, the Moroi were exposing themselves to discomfort. Now hold on, Reece exclaimed over the increase noise. That has never been a tactic we endorse. Besides, he could ever so lieHis protests were cut off by a feminine scream. A small Moroi male child, no more th an six, had suddenly broken from the crowd and run toward us. It was his mother who had screamed. I moved in to stop him, grabbing his arm. I wasnt afraid that Dimitri would hurt him, only that the boys mother would have a heart attack. She came forward, face grateful.I have questions, the boy, obviously trying to be brave, said in a small voice.His mother reached for him, but I held up my hand. Hang on a sec. I smiled down at him. What do you want to ask? Go ahead. Behind him, fear flashed over his mothers face, and she discombobulate an anxious look at Dimitri. I wont let anything happen to him, I whispered, though she had no way of knowing I could back that up. Nonetheless, she stayed where she was.Reece rolled his eyes. This is ridicIf youre Strigoi, the boy interrupted loudly, then why dont you have horns? My friend Jeffrey said Strigoi have horns.Dimitris eyes fell not on the boy but on me for a moment. Again, that spark of knowing shot between us. Then, face smooth and serio us, Dimitri turned to the boy and answered, Strigoi dont have horns. And even if they did, it wouldnt matter because Im not Strigoi.Strigoi have red eyes, I exempted. Do his eyes look red?The boy leaned forward. No. Theyre brown.What else do you know about Strigoi? I asked. They have fangs like us, the boy replied.Do you have fangs? I asked Dimitri in a singsong voice. I had a feeling this was already-covered territory, but it took on a new feel when asked from a childs perspective.Dimitri smileda full, rattling(prenominal) smile that caught me off guard. Those kinds of smiles were so rare from him. Even when happy or amused, he usually only gave half smiles. This was genuine, showing all his teeth, which were as straight as those of any human or dhampir. No fangs.The boy looked impressed. Okay, Jonathan, said his mother anxiously. You asked. Lets go now.Strigoi are super strong, continued Jonathan, who possibly aspired to be a future lawyer. Nothing can hurt them. I didnt bother correcting him, for fear hed want to see a stake shoved through Dimitris heart. In fact, it was kind of awe-inspiring that Reece hadnt already requested that. Jonathan fixed Dimitri with a piercing gaze. Are you super strong? Can you be hurt?Of course I can, replied Dimitri. Im strong, but all sorts of things can still hurt me.And then, being Rose Hathaway, I said something I really shouldnt have to the boy. You should go punch him and find out.Jonathans mother screamed again, but he was a fast little bastard, eluding her grasp. He ran up to Dimitri before anyone could stop himwell, I could haveand pounded his tiny fist against Dimitris knee.Then, with the same reflexes that allowed him to escape enemy attacks, Dimitri immediately feinted falling backward, as though Jonathan had knocked him over. Clutching his knee, Dimitri groaned as though he were in terrible pain.Several people laughed, and by then, one of the other guardians had caught hold of Jonathan and returned him to his near-hysterical mother. As he was being dragged away, Jonathan glanced over his shoulder at Dimitri. He doesnt seem very strong to me. I dont think hes a Strigoi.This caused more laughter, and the third Moroi interrogator, whod been quiet, snorted and rose from his seat. Ive seen all I need to. I dont think he should walk around unguarded, but hes no Strigoi. Give him a real place to stay and just keep guards on him until further decisions are made.Reece shot up. ButThe other man waved him off. Dont waste any more time. Its hot, and I want to go to bed. Im not saying I understand what happened, but this is the least of our problems right now, not with half the Council wanting to rip the other halfs heads off over the age decree. If anything, what weve seen today is a good thingmiraculous, even. It could alter the way weve lived. Ill report back to Her Majesty.And like that, the group began dispersing, but there was wonder on some of their faces. They too were beginning to realize t hat if what had happened to Dimitri was real, then everything wed ever know about Strigoi was about to change. The guardians stayed with Dimitri, of course, as he and Lissa rose. I immediately moved toward them, eager to bask in our victory. When hed been knocked over by Jonathans tiny punch, Dimitri had given me a small smile, and my heart had leapt. Id known then that Id been right. He did still have feelings for me. But now, in the blink of an eye, that rapport was gone. Seeing me walk toward them, Dimitris face grew cold and guarded again.Rose, said Lissa through the bond. Go away now. Leave him alone.The blaze I will, I said, both answering her aloud and addressing him. I just furthered your case.We were doing fine without you, said Dimitri stiffly.Oh yeah? I couldnt believe what I was hearing. You seemed pretty grateful a couple minutes ago when I thought up the idea of you helping us against Strigoi.Dimitri turned to Lissa. His voice was low, but it carried to me. I dont wan t to see her.You have to I exclaimed. A few of the departing people paused to see what the racket was about. You cant ignore me.Make her go away, Dimitri growled.Im notROSELissa shouted in my head, shutting me up. Those piercing jade eyes stared me down. Do you want to help him or not? Standing here and yelling at him is going to make him even more upset Is that what you want? Do you want people to see that? See him get mad and yell back at you just so you dont feel invisible? They need to see him calm. They need to see him normal. Its trueyou did just help. But if you dont walk away right now, you could ruin everything.I stared at them both aghast, my heart pounding. Her words had all been in my mind, but Lissa might as well have strode up to me and chewed me out aloud. My temper shot up even more. I wanted to go rant at both of them, but the truth of her words penetrated through my anger. Starting a guessing would not help Dimitri. Was it fair that they were sending me away? Was it fair that the two of them were teaming up and ignoring what Id just done? No. But I wasnt going to let my hurt pride screw up what Id just achieved. People had to accept Dimitri.I shot them both looks that made my feelings clear and then stormed away. Lissas feelings immediately changed to philanthropy through the bond, but I blocked them out. I didnt want to hear it.Id barely cleared the churchs grounds when I ran into Daniella Ivashkov. Sweat was starting to smudge her attractively applied makeup, making me think shed been out here for a while watching the Dimitri-spectacle too. She appeared to have a couple friends with her, but they kept their distance and chatted amongst themselves when she halt in front of me. Swallowing my anger, I reminded myself shed done nothing to piss me off. I forced a smile.Hi, Lady Ivashkov.Daniella, she said kindly. No titles.Sorry. Its still a weird thing.She nodded toward where Dimitri and Lissa were departing with his guards. I saw you there , just now. You helped his case, I think. Poor Reece was pretty flustered.I recalled that Reece was related to her. Oh Im sorry. I didnt mean toDont apologize. Reece is my uncle, but in this case, I believe in what Vasilisa and Mr. Belikov are saying.Despite how angry Dimitri had just made me, my gut instinct resented the dropping of his guardian title. Yet I could forgive her, considering her attitude.You you believe Lissa healed him? That Strigoi can be restored? I was realizing there were lots of people who believed. The crowd had just demonstrated as much, and Lissa was still building her following of devotees. Somehow, my line of thinking always tended to assume all royals were against me. Daniellas smile turned wry.My own son is a spirit user. Since accepting that, Ive had to accept a lot of other things I didnt believe were possible.I suppose you would, I admitted. Beyond her, I noticed a Moroi man standing near some trees. His eyes occasionally fell on us, and I could have s worn Id seen him before. Daniellas next words turned my attention back to her.Speaking of Adrian he was looking for you earlier. Its short notice now, but some of Nathans relatives are having a late cocktail party in about an hour, and Adrian wanted you to go. Another party. Was that all anyone ever did here at Court? Massacres, miracles it didnt matter. Everything was cause for a party, I thought bitterly.Id probably been with Ambrose and Rhonda when Adrian went searching. It was interesting. In passing on the invitation, Daniella was also saying that she wanted me to go. Unfortunately, I had a hard time being as open to it. Nathans family meant the Ivashkovs, and they wouldnt be so friendly.Will the queen be there? I asked suspiciously.No, she has other engagements.Are you sure? No unexpected visits?She laughed. No, Im certain of it. statement has it that you two being in the same room together isnt such a good idea.I could only imagine the stories going around about my Council p erformance, particularly since Adrians father had been there to witness it.No, not after that ruling. What she did The anger Id felt earlier began to blaze again. It was unforgivable. That weird guy by the tree was still waiting around. Why?Daniella didnt confirm or deny my statement, and I wondered where she stood on the issue. Shes still quite fond of you.I scoffed. I have a hard time believing that. Usually, people who yelled at you in public werent too fond of you, and even Tatianas cool composure had cracked near the end of our spat.Its true. This will blow over, and there might even be a chance for you to be assigned to Vasilisa.You cant be serious, I exclaimed. I should have known better. Daniella Ivashkov didnt really seem like the joking type, but I really did believe Id crossed the line with Tatiana. afterward everything thats happened, they dont want to waste good guardians. Besides, she doesnt want there to be animosity between you.Yeah? Well, I dont want her bribery If she thinks putting Dimitri out there and dangling a royal contrast is going to change my mind, shes wrong. Shes a lying, schemingI stopped abruptly. My voice had gone loud enough that Daniellas nearby friends were now staring. And I really didnt want to say the names I thought Tatiana deserved in front of Daniella.Sorry, I said. I attempted civility. Tell Adrian Ill come to the party but do you really want me to go? After I crashed the ceremony the other night? And after, um, other things Ive done?She shook her head. What happened at the ceremony is as much Adrians fault as it is yours. Its done, and Tatiana let it go. This partys a much more lighthearted event, and if he wants you there, then I want him to be happy.Ill go shower and change now and meet him at your place in an hour.She was tactful enough to ignore my earlier outburst. Wonderful. I know hell be happy to hear that.I declined to tell her that I was actually happy about the thought of flaunting myself in front of some Ivashkovs in the hopes that it would get back to Tatiana. I no long-range believed for an instant that she accepted what was going on with Adrian and me or that she would let my outburst blow over. And truthfully, I did want to see him. We hadnt had much time to talk recently.After Daniella and her friends left, I figured it was time to get to the bottom of things. I headed straight over to the Moroi whod been lurking around, hands on my hips.Okay, I demanded. Who are you, and what do you want?He was only a few years older than me and didnt seem at all fazed by my tough-girl attitude. He crooked me a smile, and I again pondered where Id seen him.Ive got a message for you, he said. And some gifts.He handed over a tote bag. I looked inside and found a laptop, some cords, and several pieces of paper. I stared up at him in disbelief.Whats this?Something you need to get a move onand not let anyone else know about. The note will explain everything.Dont play spy movie with me Im not doing anything until you His face clicked. Id seen him back at St. Vladimirs, around the time of my graduationalways hovering in the background. I groaned, suddenly correspondence the secretive natureand cocky attitude. You work for Abe.

The Importance of Ethics Committees

Health take institutions operate to uphold the rights and well-being of patients. In practicing patient c ar, members of wellness help organizations face actions and decisions that should be aligned with estimable issues maintained by health care facilities, such as hospitals, to look after the best interests of patients. To all oversee the estimable issues that health care facilities should fall upon consistently, establishing ethics missions is necessary.In distinguish to determine the importance of ethics committees in the field of health care and medicine, it is relevant to go over the history of the establishment of ethics committees, the varied and significant roles played by ethics committees in health care and medicine, the principles upheld by ethics committees, and the magnitude of ethics committees in health care facilities and the field of medicine. respectable issues frame health care and the field of medicine.Health care ethics is primarily establish on princ ipled obligations that health care and medicine should provide for human beings, as well as the binding obligations to underlying laws. Health care ethics ensure that health care policies, services, programs, and practices are in line with honourable obligations to human beings and political obligations to the state, while keeping in mind the sole purpose of health care and medicine to improve the quality of life.With the unending and increasing issues and choices that members of health care organizations and the field of medicine must(prenominal) face and decide on each day, there is a need to put up good standards and norms to abide by to avoid inconsistencies, conflicts, and disagreements. The requirement for ethics committees was formalized in 1992 by the Joint delegacy (OReilly, 2008). Ethics committees are composed of various members of health care institutions. Members of ethics committees include physicians, nurses, psychologists, lawyers, administrators and supervisor s, families, and the community (Fremgen, 2005).Ethics committees are in charge of overseeing practices and trading trading operations within health care facilities regarding the services provided for patient care. Primarily, ethics committees in contributing or improving health care policies employed by facilities by thorough outline and research and the formulation of good procedures or guidelines that the health care adeptness and all its members must observe at all times. These procedures or guidelines are patient-centered one which puts forth the best interest of the patient.Ethics committees uphold honorable health care principles and practices by intervening in conflicts within the health care facility, especially when it comes to decision-making and ethical issues. The ethics committee reexamines a particular situation and arrives at a counsel or a suggestion as to how the parties involved will go about solving the problem. The result of the ethics committees reexaminat ion is based on ethical laws and principles endorsed by the state and the health care facility to put the patients concerns above all.In some instances, the ethics committee also reviews the quality and configuration of health care services received by the patient in order to determine whether it was based on guiding ethical principles or not. (Fremgen, 2005) Ethics committees are influential in determining the fairness, reliability, morality, and unity of health care facilities. It serves as a quality control committee, keeping health care services, practices, and operations in check, in order to make sure that they comply with ethical principles related to health care and medicine.Through ethics committees, health care facilities are able to sustain a mission, vision, goals, and objectives that are within the limits of what is ethical for health care facilities to provide. This ensures that the quality of health care services provided to patients meet their needs, demands, and e xpectations and it defends what is morally upright in relation to patient care. Ethics committees keep professionalism in the work place in check, and it guides major ethical choices and decisions in the field of health care and medicine.With the realization of the significant roles and responsibilities that ethics committees carry out, it is therefore of capacious importance to health care facilities or organizations to establish an ethics committee that will serve as a consultant or a guide in putting health care practices and operations in line with ethical laws and principles. It does not only add value or integrity to health care facilities, but it also ensures that patient care is provided for, qualitatively and ethically.

Motivational Factor at Tesco

Management and cater demand Contents of the explore CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTON 1. 1. Statement 1. 2. enquiry punctuate 1. 3. Comp boths Background 1. 4. Research Purpose 1. 5. Research Objectives 1. 6. Research Questions 1. 7. Research Nature 1. 8. Rationale CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL mise en scene OF THE TOPIC 2. 1. broadsideing entry 2. lack (in common) 3. worldity Resource Management 4. Theories of Motivation 1. Content Theories 1. Maslows queen structure of inevitably 2. ERG scheme . affirmable action X and Theory Y 2. Process Theories 2. 4. 2. 1. Victor Vroom forecast Theory 2. 4. 2. 2. Hertzberg Two chemical element surmise 2. 4. 2. 3. Equity Theory 5. Implication for steering of Motivational theories 6. Advantages of Motivation 7. Staff memory 8. closure of theoretical background CHAPTER 3 query METHODOLGY 3. 1. Research Philosophy 3. 2. Research Approach 3. 3. Research schema 3. 4. Research Design 3. 5. Time horizon 3. 6. Data bring inion manner 3. 6. 1. D esigning the questionnaire 3. 6. . race of Questionnaire with look for Objectives 7. Sampling 8. Credibility of enquiry 1. Reliability 2. Validity 9. Ethical Issues 1. luridness 2. Confidentiality 3. Consent 4. Stealing Ideas from Others 10. Data abbreviation techniques 11. Data access and resource Implication CHAPTER 4 inquiry FINDINGS 4. 1. Introduction 4. 2. Questionnaire results CHAPTER 5 DISCUSSION ON THE RESEARCH FINDINGS 5. 1. Introduction 5. 2. Overall Motivation of the lag 5. 2. . berth of Salary 5. 2. 2. Working Conditions and Atmosp redeem 5. 2. 3. Reward system 5. 2. 4. Job security 5. 3. Relationship betwixt a priori Concepts and Research Findings 5. 3. 1. Relationship with Hertzbergs Two Factor Theory 5. 3. 2. Findings Relationship with flings Equity Theory 5. 3. 3. Relationship of get windings with Victor Vroom Expectancy possibleness 5. 3. 4. Relationship of findings with Maslows Need Theory 5. 3. 5. Relationship of findings with ERG Theory 5. 4. TK MAX X HR Policies CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION . 1. Introduction 6. 2. Building the Frame blend 6. 3. Research Process 6. 4. Scrutinizing Findings 6. 5. Conclusion in relation to look for objectives and questions 6. 6. testimonial 6. 7. Research Limitations 6. 7. 1. Time Constraints 6. 7. 2. Managing Resources 6. 7. 3. Limited Data Access 6. 8. Recommendation for Future Research 6. 9. Accomplishment of the Research CHAPTER 7 REFLECTION 7. 1. Introduction 7. 2. H geniusy and Mumford style of accomplishment 7. 3. KOLB Learning Style . 4. readiness Achieved 7. 4. 1. Skill 1 Selection, Evaluation of Critical Management Thinking 7. 4. 2. Skill II Evaluation and Selection of the Techniques 7. 4. 3. Skill III Arriving at Conclusion 7. 5. Personal and C beer increment 7. 6. Critical Incidents APPENDICES CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. 1. The Statement The dissertation investigates preliminaryes to faculty motif utilise by the TK scoopx transshipment center in Uxbridge and the s ignifi dissolvet relation in the midst of the applied in T. K.Max stave pauperism be intimatement and its community to faculty loyalty. This dissertation investigates what important role facultys has in the organisation and juicylights peculiarities in staff loyalty and snip positioning dilatement. The police detective supposes that staff plays as an essential role in any industry and so good staff management go extincts sensations commitment and in upchuck to the organisation. To find a good endowment as an employee is a difficult task yet to obtain this talent, improve and develop is much than(prenominal) more complicated. withal in order to sustain hawkish advantage companies and offendicularly T.K. Max wear to concentrate on the staff management come upes it aims and be eager to improve and develop the strategy at all meters. 1. 2. The Research Background The world-wide short letter surroundings constantly changes. It is becoming more evident at present that the lynchpin element of the business milieu forthwith is its employees. Motivation has been a subject of several(prenominal) studies. The main researches atomic number 18 the quest Maslows hierarchy of quest, Alderfers ERG possible action, McClellands possibleness of socially required needs and Herzbergs demand-hygiene possibility.These theories concentrate of the benefits and importance of propel, however researcher found it necessary for this research to consider that as it is mentioned by Vercueil, 2001 incorrectly implemented pauperization management piddles a harmful affect on the employees. Watt, 1998 refers to Anon go for tongue to that in the past motive could be identifies as a way of life to entertain volume indigence what we want and differs it from manipulation that sort outs singles do what we want. However today as it mentioned by Bruce and Pepitone, 1999 modern employees atomic number 18 much more sophisticated and ar in search for a greater felicity from the job they atomic number 18 doing.Artificial reward or money alone ar nor enough. at that depositfore modern organisations need to learn and figure human nature as it indicates why plurality in these case employees behave in a bursticular manner. Managers need to affect the employee leading to a grater working(a) consummations and mainly managers have to pull in their employees needs and their life make-up in order to meet the employees expectations and locomote ones performance more efficiently. Staff retentiveness is a signifi keept element of every successful business.It is characterized by the employees proclivity to sustain in the ecesis and continuing contri exception to the business. In eons of economic crisis more and more respective(prenominal)isticists have to stay at their jobs even if conditions are non favorable ascribable to a risk of existence unable to domiciliate for a family. However more and more psyches ar e raising the importance of staff pauperization management. Organizations today have historicalized that a modern employee needs to be rightly activated and encouraged, non save money wise, to ensure staff retention.Motivation is a force that stimulates mess to perform an action. on that pointfore motivation is a force which compel hoi polloi go to their work every day and that is why people sire all overture in themselves to satisfy the desire of becoming or accomplishing what they have set out to reverse or accomplish in their life. More over with motivation any complicated office staff stop be converted into a simple and learning experience. In his research Watt, 2003 withal states that managers must understand that individuals want to be treated any(prenominal)what and have equate opportunities to advance.He lastlights the problem of motivation today. Often plaques do non recognize that the motivation management requires antithetic approaches depending on the industry sectors. The problem of motivation and staff performance as it is stated by Green et al, 1999 might stay undetected, hidden and unresolved by the managers. Therefore managers oftentimes dont realize that it is important not provided to appeal to the individuals intellect just now to their hearts as good. Green et all, 1999 also identifies three main problems for motivation Lack of confidence Lack of trust Lack of cheer Well physiqueed and implemented motivation strategy leads to employees retention therefore employees loyalty. Loyalty is a significant and vital part of any organization. As it is mentioned by Daft and Marcic, 2011 management should learn to allow all it s employees make a contri scarcelyion and use its talents and potential in order to progress and improve their skills. This sort of motivation creates employees retention and ensures ones constant grow and contribution to the company. TK MAXX has a well developed reward and development management .Organization believes that its people should be exploitation as well as the business. From the first time the employee joins the company organization provides a comprehensive induction programs and ensures that whether it is close to moving up the career ladder, learning and development of new skills or gaining experience working in various countries there are plenty of on hand(predicate) opportunities for the employees. Company has a strong rewards and benefits system, pension scheme, holidays, private healthcare and voluntary benefits as a part of its employee motivation and ensures of employees bless(prenominal)edness and satisfaction.All this provides companies ontogenesis and efficient performances with a high rate of employees retention. Researcher believes that T. K. Max is a real example of a right motivation management. Organization aims at ensuring satisfaction of its employees and at the kindred time ensures a solid growth and development for the business. Therefo re the researcher wanted to examine the motivation strategies utilize by T. K. Max and snap its effect on the employees. 1. 3. The Company Background The organization that we have chosen for our research is one of the or so successful retailers in the market today. T. K.Max management in the Uxbridge branch were elicit and happy to participate in our research and granted us with a permission to use the organizations name in this investigation. T-K Maxx is a chain of clothing and accessories stores. The company was launched in 1994. It is a supplemental of TJX Companies Inc. (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) TK MAXX always aimed to deliver frequently changing and best quality products at a price which is 20-60% less than oppositewise department and specialty stores regular prices. TK MAXX has label of Always up to 60% less and has bell ringer customers who is middle to upper-middle income shopper.But simultaneously who are fashion and value conscious. T. K. MAXX is now 7th largest fashion retailer in the U. K. It introduced the off price concept in the UK and it is now the all major off-price retailer in Europe. It was run in UK and Ireland. Later on T. K. Maxx opened first stores in Germany in 2007 and also entered in Poland in 2009 (TJXtra, JUNE 2010) The source why we the researcher choose TK-Maxx as an organization is its market share and the enormous global scale that its operate. Having its unique position in UK market T. K.Maxx have chosen efficient strategies in order to keep its staff sparkd and have introduced several ways to make it an awe well-nigh come out of the closet to work. The T. K. Maxxs management believe that the staff motivation in the blood life line of any organization so they treat their employees fairly and have implemented many strategies in order to make their jobs more interesting and satisfying by providing distinct opportunities and support. 1. 4. Research Purpose Motivation is considered to be one of the major divisors in empl oyees retention The researcher believes that employees loyalty is a direct link to motivation.Therefore this research is aimed at identifying the significance of employees motivation and its relation to employees loyalty in order to up make TK Maxx to continue its successful business operation and plead high take aim of staff retention. 1. 5. Research Objectives critically label the use and the intensity of the reliable policies used by management at T. K. Maxx towards staff motivation. critically analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of staff motivation and its connection with staff retention. Construct and refer recommendations to T.K. Maxx managers on how to increase effectiveness in staff management and motivation in order to chance upon staff retention. 1. 6. Research Questions How understanding of importance in employees motivation sponsor business growth and development and what strategies in staff motivation T. K. Maxx utilizes to ensure companys progress in a competitive business environment? What are the leading motivating meanss used by T. K. Max management from employees perspective how these factors meet of employees retention? What recommendations can be made to T. K.Max management policies to improve staff morale and ensure employees continuing performance efficiency? 1. 7. Research Nature To conduct this investigation researcher entrust apply the existent theoretical and academic theories and models to a practical research. We are aiming at examining the results of the T. K. Max management and employees inter legal opinions. The analysis go away be performed found on the available academic references. However we are not just now if looking to agree or disagree with the existed theories on staff motivation and retention, but to find new, important and practical information for the organization.We are to highlight new approaches in staff motivation that depart help T. K. Max to ensure its successful sustainability in the market. 1. 8. Rationale The researcher believes that the main burden in todays working environment is primarily to find a new and unique talent, motivate and encourage this talent to perform well for the benefit of the organization but also to keep this talent in the competitive market by increase staff retention. Being a leader in the apparel and accessory market T. K. Maxx has a reputation of a strong competitor not only business wise but in the way the company values its employees.We believe that in todays competitive market environment the key element of a success is the talent the organization has. With newly hired talents new ideas and therefore competitive advantage comes. However to help every talent perform well and work for the benefit of organization it is necessary to motivate and encourage ones needs. Today employees are not only searching for money, individuals are keen to have better working conditions and have equal opportunities for learning and development. Theref ore organizations need not only to have a motivation plan but to ensure that they actually know what their employees needs are.In other words we believe that motivation help to maintain healthy and positivistic working environment for both management and employees. Happy employees are eager to work harder and to contribute more efficiently to the organization. Therefore we believe that this research has a significant importance for T. K. Max because it forget help organization learn more rough their employees attitudes towards staff management and motivation in the company. Our research lead assist organization to discover new approaches to staff management.Through the research interview employee allow for have an opportunity to recommend or advise organization on how to improve the existing motivation model and increase employees retention. Although employee motivation is a well known topic among the academics, we believe that this research brings a new development to these ex isting models. The academic significance of this research is based on the fact that we are not only aiming at analyzing the existing motivation approaches in T. K. Max but we also are to investigate its importance and connection with employee retention.We are to understand how significant staff motivation is and believe that we can fill in the existing gap in the modern concept of employees retention and motivation. The significance of this research for the researcher is based on the fact that researcher has been a customer in the organization for a while. The approach and attitudes of the staff had positively impressed the researcher. The researcher believes that this research entrust help him in his future career experiences in the retail business. CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL BACKGROUND OF THE TOPIC . 1. Introduction Before going to detail talk somewhation on specifically TK MAXX staff motivation, we need to understand what motivation is and how it is developed in individuals. This chapter defines motivation in global and specifically employee motivation. Chapter discusses wide range of areas of motivations. It admits existing theories of motivation that discusses the needs of the individuals, problems that organizations faces and what factors that should be accounted for to motivate staff. It also discusses staff retention, its implications for the organizations and how this can be countered.These all are considered to be the key element to remain competitive for an organization like TK MAXX as it is operating in a highly volatile industry and is subject to low morale of workforce and staff turnover due to continuously changing environment. 2. 2. Motivation The word motivation has been derived from the Latin word Movere which means to move (Kretiner, 1998). Motivation is the force which moves humans to achieve their goals and objectives in their lives or in their jobs (Bruce and Pepitone, 1998). It pushes human mind to do an exercise that gives him or her satisfaction.This pushing force could be money to get wealthy or it could be gustation from other to become more respected in the society. It whitethorn allow in fundamental needs such(prenominal) as eating and resting. Essentially, motivation can be defined as a need to increase happiness as all above means are likely to enhance happiness of an individual either that is money or recognition in the society. It is obvious fact that people work because they notice something that they need, from work. The something obtained from work fulfills needs of the people and have a great impacts on their morale and the quality of life.This something can be called Motivation it moves people to do their job. commonly, motivation could be intrinsic and/or extrinsic (Deci, 1976). native motivation is the internal temptation to perform a task. This could be due to reason that it gives workers pleasure from having a chance to develop skills in them. Whereas, extrinsic motivation includes external factors and it is unrelated to the tasks, people are performing. extrinsic motivation can be achieved by money and other rewards (Bruce and Pepitone, 1999). It was previously thought that good net is a best motivator and is ufficient to get the highest train of performance from them (Taylor, 1903). However, workers are not just motivated with money but could be better motivated if their social needs are met (Cole, 2003). Therefore managers should topic more interest in treating employees as people who have worthwhile opinions. There is a heighten worth noting that workers enjoy, interacting each other and by understanding this behavior they can be motivated, which would let them to be better aware of the status of the company and know what are expected of them (Cole, 2003). 2. 3.Human Resource Management Human Resource Management (HRM) is the function that operates almostly within the organization, whose nominate is to deal with issues such as recruitment, performance management, employee motivation, communication, administration, and training of the individuals (Schuler and Jackson 1998). In simple words, Human resource management is the management of an organizations employee who performs unlike task and responsibilities in order to make sure the human resources are well utilized for the benefit of the organization (Schuler and Jackson 1998).Human resource management plays an important role in order to motivate lower level staff, improve their work life and modifys employees to use them as an organizations competitive advantage (Schuler and Jackson, 1998). If the HRM is working effectively it lead to accomplishment of overall organizations goals and objectives and will enable employees to effectively contribute to the success of the organization and improve their productivity in a changing environment (Yeung and Ulrich 1990). In present era, the world of work has been totally changed. Treating people fairly is no longer an pickaxe it is nec essity (Lawler, 2003).In this business era, the organizations cannot easily replace them because human resources are the intellectual spot for the organization. And this intellectual straight-lacedty has become more important than companys financial capital. This perspective will be discussed in the theories given up in this chapter. An important task of the HR management is to hire and retain appropriate staff in order to keep competitive advantage (De young, 2000). T-K Maxx HR management therefore, has onus to retain and motivate its employee for the purpose of reducing its staff turnover, increasing productivity and maintain its competitiveness. . 4. Theories of Motivation The concept of motivation has been discussed preferably in this chapter. This section of the chapter includes different theories by different psychologists. These theories have been categorized as the content theories and the service theories. Content Theories These explain the needs of the individual and how different people can be motivated. These theories also discuss the difference between needs of different people living in different environment (Thompson, 1996). This is actually important as to fructify and evaluate the TK MAXX staff motivation.Researcher needs to assess the overall needs of the individuals working there and that of the people in that particular environment have. Process Theories These explain the mechanism by which the human behavior initiated, sustained and extinguished (Thompson, 1996). In other words these theories explain how human needs changes and what managers need to focus on when motivating their employees. These theories include the Victor vroom expectancy opening and Hertzberg 2 factor theory. 2. 4. 1. Content Theories 2. 4. 1. 1. Maslows Need TheoryAbraham Maslow proposed his theory in 1943 which is known as Theory of Human development. His theory focused on describing the stages of growth in humans. Maslows hierarchy of needs is explained as a pyramid, with the most basic or fundamental needs at the bottom, and the needs of high desires of superiority at the top. Maslows theory purports that the most basic level of needs must be met. Fulfillment of these needs will move individuals to desire the secantary level of needs. For example a starving person may only think of creative thinking when his hunger is extricated.Physiological needs are the obvious requirements for human survival. If these needs are not met, the human physical structure cannot function (Taylor and Houthakker 2009). Whereas safety needs is the second level of Maslows hierarchy. Safety and Security needs include personal and financial security. Once the safety needs are met, Humans need to love and be loved by others. They need to feel a sense of belongingness with others, whether it comes from a large social group, such as office culture, religious groups, professional organizations, social connections e. g. family members, close colleagues.Esteem re presents the human desire to be received by others and getting importance from others. High egotism esteem people engage themselves in activities which give them recognition and let them feel self-valued. Low self esteem can lead to an inferiority complicated and helplessness in individuals (Jillian and Powell, 2005). Whereas Self actualization is a desire to actualize everything that a man is overt of. To achieve this level of need a man must realize its potential and capability. Without realizing potential a man can not desire to become everything, since he is unaware of what he is capable of (Goldsteins, 1939).Validity and admonition of Maslows Needs Hierarchy Maslows theory is presented as a rigid hierarchy. However this is not in real life as rigid as it is presented. It has been noted that the order may set out from standard as people do not follow the same order as used in pyramid to fulfill their needs (Wahba and Bridgewell, 1976). For example, for some individuals the need for self-esteem is more important than the need for love. Whereas, for others the need for creative fulfillment may be of high importance then even most basic needs. Hofstede criticized Maslows Needs Hierarchy by saying that it ignores the ocial and intellectual needs of different societies. He believed that Maslows Needs Hierarchy is based on a individualistic society as Maslow belonged to unify States which is considered to be highly individualistic society. The needs of humans in an individualistic society unravel to be more self-centered than those in a collectivist society, where the people are more concerned about the needs of filmance and community (Cianci and Gambrel, 2003). Therefore self actualization at the top is not the true representative of every society rather it is only from the perspective of an individualist.It has also been criticized that the hierarchy fails to book into account the acts such as bravery, charity, heroism etc. It has been argued that t here is no evidence to support Maslows ideas and only a few people were observed before coming up with this theory (Greenhaus and Badin, 1977). Maslow has do by peoples spiritual dimensions (Clemmer, 1992). Personally, I believe that Maslow Hierarchy is a useful tool in motivating staff however it would be difficult for the management to decide which employee stands at which level of need.In the same way organizations are sometimes unable to provide needs such as Belongingness and Love needs. Application of Maslows theory in TK MAXX TK MAXX is operating in a environment where there are individuals demanding high from their employers. There are quite a lot of Job opportunities in the market and it is important to retain experient employees. By this theory the researcher would able to determine the staff needs, which can lead to determine whether these are adequate. 2. 4. 1. 2. ERG Theory of Clayton Paul AlderferClayton Paul Alderfer is an American psychologist who further addressed the Maslows hierarchy of needs issue in 1969 in his psychological review of human needs by reducing the number of levels to as existence, relatedness and growth. Alderfer categorized the lower order needs, which are described as Physiological and Safety needs in Maslows pyramid into the universe of discourse class. Maslows interpersonal love and esteem needs were categorized into the Relatedness category. The Growth category contained the self actualization and self esteem needs.Like Maslows model, the ERGmotivation is also hierarchical. Existence needs are more important at fundamental level than relatedness needs. And growth needs are more important than the growth needs. Growth Self-Actualization pic External Esteem Needs pic Relatedness Internal Esteem Needs pic Social Needs pic Existence Safety Needs pic Physiological Needs pic AlderfersERG theory differs from Maslows hierarchy in some ways. It explains that at a same time more t han one needs can motivate employees at a time (Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). It also suggests that a man do not need to satisfy good the lower motivator if he or she wants to move onto the next level. For example, starving artist may place growth or self actualization needs above those of existence or physiological needs.The ERG theory also accounts for differences in needs in different cultures, which were not considered by the Maslows as he only focused on the individualistic societies. The order of needs can also be different for different people in different societies. Managersneed to understand thateach employeeoperates with differentneeds at the same time. Leadership which focuses exclusively on one need at a time will not motivate their people effectively. Furthermore, the frustration-regression principle has been discussed by the Alderfer.This means that if individuals high(prenominal) needs are not satisfied than the he will put double efforts to fulfill the lower needs ( Griffin and Moorhead, 2009). This has superfluous impact onmotivation in the workplace. As an example, if employees are not provided opportunities to grow,an employeemight redouble the efforts to fulfill relatedness needs, socializing with their co-workers more. Unlike Maslow, Alderfer did not emphasized that lower-level needs must be fulfilled before higher level needs.ERG theory contains some of the strong points of previous theories such as Maslows however it is not very limiting and restrictive however still it lacks the explanation about the complexities in motivation and tend to be more general like other motivational theories (Jain, 2005). ERG theory is the continuation of the Maslows theory and it also describe the needs of the human in different manner. It is helpful in the case of TK MAXX as it describes the needs of a collectivist cultures. 2. 4. 1. 3. McGregors Theory X and Theory Y These theories are based on human motivation and presented by Douglas McGregor in 1954.I n theory X management assumes that their employees are superfluous and dislike work (Fisher, 2000). This theory lead to management believing that there should be close supervision of workers and there should be proper systems of controls to restrict employees avoiding work. Close supervision implies that there should be narrow queer of control at each level. Therefore, a tall hierarchical structure is needed. Tayler (1903) called this style of management a scientific management. If the organizational goals are to be met, theory X managers rely heavily on panic to gain their employees compliance.Usually these managers feel that there is only purpose of the employees doing job is money. They will blame their workers without first analyzing, whether it may be the system, policy problem. The theory Y managers assume that employees enjoy their work and possess ambitions, abilities to solve problems and may exercise self-control (Rothwell et el, 2009). But their abilities are underused in most organizations. According to McGregor (1954), Employees will seek and accept responsibility and exercise self-control in achieving objectives and goals of organization, if they are given proper conditions.In Theory Y, managers believe that the satisfaction obtained from doing good job by employees is a strong motivation. 5. 1. 5 Validity and criticism of Theory X and Y There is a criticism of these theories an that is, theory X managers are mean or sharp as compared to theory Y managers who believe that subordinates have desire to achieve and then in the long run hold them accountable for that and become more toughest and angriest (Fisher, 2000). However, McGregor argued that Theory Y accompany more possibilities than Theory X to develop the environment of trust at workplace.This includes open communication with subordinates, minimizing the difference between senior-subordinate relationships, creating a comfortable humour in which workers can develop their abilities. This climate would include subordinated being involved in finale do so that they can put their view on decisions that affect them. Secondly, this theory is difficult to apply in real world as it represents unrealistic extremes. Few people or usually no one falls within these extremes but tend to be somewhere between these ii extremes (Stevens, 2008).Still the theory is a good signpost in order to understand the principles of motivation. In todays world where more autonomy is given to the workers and there is more emphasis on self-management, Theory Y is becoming more useful and is consistent with this approach. There would be a need in TK MAXX to determine the inclination of the managers towards the two extremes provided by the McGregor. Either Theory X or Y both are valid, but this depends on the environment conditions. It is found that only 21% workers prefer authoritarian style of leadership (Sadler, 1966).However, with ever growing organizations, rapidly changing technology and environment and demand for new ideas, Theory Y is likely to be more favorable (Vaske and Grantham, 1990). According to theory X managers deal with the workers as if they are general purpose machines which are operated by them (Vaske and Grantham, 1990). It can be said that people shape their own environment but sometimes environment also shapes the behavior of humans. The workers will behave according to theory X if they are provided such work environment that is consistent with theory X (Argyris, 1957). 2. 4. 2. Process theories . 4. 2. 1. Victor vroom theory of expectancy Victor H. Vroom developed the Expectancy theory through his study of the motivations behind decision qualification. Victor Vroom theory deals with motivation and management. As per vroom, the motivation at any situation is conditional upon individuals desire for outcome, perception that his or her performance is related to other outcomes and the assessed probability that his or her struggle would lead to requir ed performance level (Borkowski, 2010). Employees performance is based on factors such as skills, knowledge, and experience of an individual.The individuals have different sets of goals and can be motivated if there are desirable rewards which will satisfy their needs for their favorable performance. Vrooms Expectancy Theory is described as an equation. The key elements of the equation are Expectancy, valency and Instrumentality. Motivation = Valance ? Expectancy (Instrumentality) valence refers to negative or positive behavior of individual towards outcomes (Koontz, and Weihrich, 2006). This represents individuals preferences. Motivating without having knowledge of what the staff value would be useless.Whereas Expectancy means that employees have different expectations about what they are capable of doing. This is due to the fact that they beam different level of confidence (Kinicki, 2009). Instrumentality represents a person belief that the outcome is dependant upon certain leve l of performance. There are some factors united with the individuals instrumentality for outcomes. These are trust, control and policies of management. Management must ensure that promises of rewards are fulfilled and there is proper communication of these to the employees.Validity of Expectancy theory This theory is more realistic than the Maslows and McGregor (Koontz, and Weihrich, 2006). Victor Vroom suggested that Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence inter act each other to create a motivational force. The individual will take into his consideration the reward associated with different performance levels and choose the level that brings the greatest reward for him or her. A task for which the employees have high expectancy but have insufficient rewards associated with it would not result into high motivational force.Similarly a high rewards linked to a task, for which employees have low expectancy, would not result in motivation for employees as they are more motivated when they develop skills from difficult tasks given to them. Some critics suggest that only a few individuals clearly correlate between performance-reward and performance-effort, so the theory is of limited use. We can see that individuals are not rewarded according to their performance rather they are rewarded according to their seniority, skill level and job difficulty (Stephen P. Robbins 2009).However this theory may be useful in explaining why some individuals put low efforts in their jobs. The measurement, criterion and methodological complications complicate the validation of this theory (Robbins, 2009). Overall the theory has been criticized on the grounds that the three variables it suggests are too vague and the theory is complex to measure and applies. Nevertheless, the theory has helped managers to motivate their employees in a better way and see what conditions must be met in order to keep the employees satisfied (Rae, 2008).Application of Victor Vroom theory for the TK MAXX TK MAXX has been competitive in providing their staff good profit. Due the reason that the its operating in a highly volatile industry which is related to fashion clothes, there could be a chance of low staff expectancy. This theory is helpful for the researcher in providing an overall view of affects of change in any variable such as reward system that could affect Valence and in the end the staff motivation. 2. 4. 2. 2. Hertzberg Two Factor TheoryTo better understand employee attitudes and motivation, Frederick Hertzberg performed studies to determine which factors in an employees work environment caused satisfaction or dissatisfaction. He presented his theory in the 1959 in The Motivation to Work. Unlike Maslow and Herzbergs theories, two factor theories are capable of upsetling individual differences (Hackman and Oldham, 1976). Secondly, the focus is on present and future, in compare to Maslow and Hertzberg, which are based on past. Hertzberg found that the factors causing job satisfaction are different from those that cause job dissatisfaction and both affect motivation of ndividuals (Davies, 2007). Hertzberg developed the motivation-hygiene theory to explain these results. Motivators In Hertzberg theory, satisfiers are motivators and these include achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility (Davies, 2007). Hygiene Factors The factors that remove dissatisfaction are Company policy, Supervision, Relationship with boss, Work conditions, Salary, Relationship with peers (Davies, 2007). However, these do not provide satisfaction as hygiene factors. Validity and application of the theory for the TK MAXXAccording to Hertzberg, individuals do not get motivated with the satisfaction of hygiene factors at work such as minimum salary levels or safe and pleasant working conditions (classified as existence by Alderfer). Individuals actually look to achieve of motivators such as achievement, recognition, responsibility, advancement, and the nature of the work itself (classified as growth by Alderfer). Hertzberg found that dissatisfaction actually results from job-related characteristics such as company policies, supervision, technical problems, salary, interpersonal relations on the job, and working conditions.Therefore, if management of the TK MAXX wishes to increase satisfaction on the job, it should be concerned with the nature of the work itself. Which provides individuals the opportunities for gaining status, assuming responsibility, and for achieving self-realization. If, on the other hand, management wishes to snip dissatisfaction, then the focus should be placed on the job environment, for example policies, procedures and working conditions of work place. Usually some management are concerned with both discussed characteristics to have satisfaction in workers.If this is the case in TK MAXX, the attention of managers should be given to both the factors equally. Hertzberg argued that for intrinsic motivation a continuous job improvement process is required. According to Hertzberg the managers, when designing jobs should consider that the job have sufficient challenges so that workers utilize their luxuriant abilities and skills. If a persons skills cannot be fully utilized, then this may lead to a motivation problem. Employees who demonstrate high level performance should be given high level of responsibilities.Criticism of Hertzberg Two-Factor Theory The theory has been criticized on the basis that there is only a narrow range for job investigation, the job attitude is measured using only one measure, there is lack of reliability and validity of critical contingency methodology and absence of measure of overall satisfaction. When the employees are satisfied they consider themselves responsible for this and in contrast to that when they are disgruntled they put there own failures on someone elses shoulders (Mukherjee, 1985).Some researchers have given harsh judgments on the validity of this theory s aying up to this extent that the theory should be conceal peacefully and that the theory does not provide support to the managers (Agarwal, 1983). It has also been suggested that Hertzberg ignored the individual differences such as self-confidence and skills. For instance, an individual with higher skills might find a job less difficult as compared to an individual with lesser skills but with same intelligence.Still, Herzbergs theory has been of great use for the managers in providing guideline and helping in designing jobs and is widely used by practicing managers (Tosi et el, 2000). 2. 4. 2. 3. Equity Theory Equity theory is widely applied in the businesses. In equity theory as per Adams, employees demands equity between inputs and output. Inputs can be defined as the employees contributions to the organization (e. g. time, effort, loyalty, hard work, commitment). Outputs on the other hand side are the consequences of the inputs (e. g. alary, employment benefits, recognition etc. ). A senior person should receive higher returns, since the input by him in form of experience is higher than others. Adams claimed that employees motivate, when they are fairly treated. If employees are over or under rewarded in respect of pay, it can cause distress which leads to demotivation for employees (Carr and McLoughlin 1996). For example, if an employee feels that he is underpaid, it will result into anger in him or her for the organization. This would result in the employee not performing well at work place.Salary is the main concern of the employees as we discussed in Maslows Hierarchy and therefore in most cases it causes equity or inequity. However the equity can not be measured only with the salary or monetary rewards. It is also important that for the feeling of equity, an act of thanking the employee by the managers for their work will cause a feeling of satisfaction and therefore help the employee feel being fair treated. There is another perspective which Adams t heory introduces is the social comparison. That is, employees compare themselves with others (Kinicki, 2009).An employee will be dissatisfied with the work if he feels that another person is getting more recognition and rewards for their inputs when both have do same quality of work. These phenomena however contrast with the equity theory where the rewards are to be matched with the input and employees equivalence each other are not accounted for. The equity relationship can be illustrated by the following equation pic Criticism on the Equity Theory The critics have suggested that the theory does not differentiate between the feeling of satisfaction and perception of fairness (Jacobson and Koch, 1977).Some critics have also said that the theory is too general and fails to deal with complexities of decision-making (Crosby, 1982). Critics have also claimed this theory as the theory of injustice and believed that the model is incomplete as it would be unjust for an individual to have unfavorable outcomes when compared with others ratio (Cropanzano, 2001). However the theory is useful for managers as a guideline for motivating staff. Therefore it will be unjust to use this theory in isolation to evaluate the staff motivation in TK MAXX. However, in conjunction with other theories his provides a useful understanding of the fairness for the staff. 2. 5. Implication for Management of Motivational Theories There are several implications for the management of the alleged theories. These are as below First problem with motivating employees is that all individuals do not get motivated by the same reward. So, the managers may have to determine and apply motivators on an individual basis rather than implementing single criteria which is assumed to account all the employees needs (DuBrin, 2008). This is to be accounted for in the TK MAXX. The employees working in the TK MAXX are from the diverse heathen background.Individual living in UK give preference to limber worki ng hours over salary (Price, 2007). This may not be the case for employees who are from the different cultural background. The Maslows theory based on the individualistic culture would not be applicable here and the employees needs can be determined through ERG theory. However, this can be very difficult or even impossible in larger organizations. As per the Maslows and ERG theory, at a basic level there is one common motivator that applies to all employees and that is money. Remuneration is the primary reason why people work.In organization like TK MAXX long hours, high pressure and stresses in employment during the peak hours are the factor that causes decrease in employee motivation and may lead to staff turnover or decrease in loyalty. So, to reduce this company needs to pay their employees well. In addition, employees also want performance related pay. murder related pay means that employees, who under perform, should be subject fine or penalties. Apart from above, employees often feel that they are like mindless machines. This could lead to employees loosing their morale. To avoid this employees like to have control over their work.If employees are involved in decision making this will contribute overcome this phenomena and it will also enhance their motivation (Kinicki, 2009). This is described as the hygiene factor by in the two factor theory. There are rafts of individuals who work voluntarily to improve their skills and expertise. Learning new skills and developing present ones is also a prime motivator and provides workers an opportunity for personal development. Education and training allow an individual to discover its potential that increases their personal satisfaction and causes motivation of the seeker (Holton and Baldwin, 2003). To put their whole brain power employees require a clearly defined structure of job and their responsibilities. The absence of this would result in employees being uninformed which would cause low productivity. A clearly defined job description gives them a mannequin that can increase their performance. This structure of work is provided by inclusion of workforce in decision making and effective communication of the structure from managers to workforce as suggested by the Hertzberg two factor theory. 2. 6. Advantages of staff motivationA positive motivation practice helps to bring synergy in trading operations. Motivated employees work more efficiently, producing better products or services in less time then unmotivated employees, who waste time in non ample activities such as surfing the Web and instant messaging for their personal benefit. They take longer time to complete tasks assigned to them. When employees are motivated, they put extra efforts and brain power to produce the best products or services. This can bring to a company a better name in the market only if by producing a superior product.Improved productivity and higher quality services and products consequently result into high profitability for a company. This improves cash position that can be used for improvements in the company or can be used for the benefits of employees. Unlike motivated employees, unmotivated employees rarely put efforts, which results in slimy customer service, and low-quality products and can result into bad publicity of the company they work in. If employees are motivated, they can be retained for longer term.This would reduce the training and recruiting cost for the company as each time an individual is hired, time and money has to be invested to get that person up to speed on the job requirements, integrating new employees into the workforce could be difficult. Existing employees have experience and knowledge about company and how operations work. They are also already familiar to working with the other employees at your facility. Motivation also helps people in achieving their goals and objectives in life. Motivated people may build self-esteem and positive energy and manage their development. 2. 7. Staff retentionStaff retention has a direct relationship with employees motivation. Managers must align companys and staff objectives and goals to reduce staff turnover and retain employees for longer term. The rewards should be matched with the needs of the employees. By doing this, managers will be able to determine the proper reward system that is offered to employees to increase job satisfaction of employees, which finally result into motivation. Inversely, if the rewards are not aligned to the needs, it can lead to low job satisfaction, increase in turnover and consequently increase cash outlay of the company. 2. 8.Conclusion and Validity of Theoretical background for TK MAXX Research Objectives books Link between literature and research objectives Critical analysis of the effectiveness Maslows Theory two Maslows need theory and ERG theory of staff motivation and its connection ERG Theory elaborate different level of needs of with staff r etention. employees. It will be useful to explain overall motivation of employees of TK MAXX and finally the effectiveness of the staff motivation by determining the needs of the employees.This is research objective 1. This will however to some extent would also contribute to recommend that how staff can be retained. Critically evaluate the use and the Hertzberg Two Factor Theory This theory is important to analyze the effectiveness of the current policies current policies of the staff motivation in TK used by management at T. K. Maxx towards MAXX. This would help researcher analyze that staff motivation. whether the management has established motivators that motivates employees e. g. recognition or just hygiene factor that are supposed(prenominal) to build up staff motivation.Instead these will reduce dissatisfaction such as good salary. Construct and suggest recommendations Victor Vroom Expectancy Theory This is a useful tool for the researcher to to T. K. Maxx managers on how to Adams Equity theory both critically evaluate the staff motivation increase effectiveness in staff and design the recommendation and the management and motivation in order to conclusion.From the Equity theory the achieve staff retention. researcher would be able to assess whether the inputs from the employees were equal to the outputs by the management. CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3. 1. Research Methodology Research methodology is a systematic way of solving problems that tog up in research.Research method on the other hand, is different methods and techniques used in the research. Research methods are part of research methodology and the scope of research methodology is wider than research methods (Rajendar Kumar 2008). There are different methodologies for research e. g. descriptive, analytical, soft and quantitative etc. The methodology used by the researcher is a mix of qualitative and quantitative methodo logies. The research would focus on the both qualitative aspects of the TK MAXX policies on staff motivation and will also quantitatively analyze staff satisfaction with the 3. 2. Research philosophy Research philosophy refers to how the researcher thinks of the development of knowledge (Saunders, 2003).There are normally three views with which the knowledge produced is viewed by the researcher. These are positivism, realism and interpretivism. logical positivism is the natural scientific view with the philosophical stance on the development of the data (Remenyi, 1998). In other words, this view implies that the knowledge which is based on sense, experience and positive verification is authentic only. Interpretivism is the critical to positivism and is also known as the antipositivism. This implies that it is necessary to understand the subjective reality of the matter that they are canvass in order to make sense (Saunders, 2003). Simply this means finding out the details of the s ituation to understand the reality (Remenyi, 1998).Realism recognizes that people sharing their interpretations and this is based on the idea that reality exist beyond the human though (Saunders, 2003). Researchers claim that there is no single methodology to adopt while carrying out the research. They believe that a combination of methodologies must be used to carry out research effectively (Kaplan and Duchon, 1988). However, the complexity and dynamism of the reality should be kept in mind to choose best suit methodology (Benbasat, 1984). In order to understand the motivation level of employees in TKMAXX and how they are motivated, research philosophies adoptive by the researcher are interpretivism and Positivism.The researcher has take positivism due to the reason that it examines the casual and settled relationships (Meel, 2000) and most of the data collected would be statically analyzed. On the other hand, Interpretivism is of main focus in this research as the research is e xploratory in nature, where the researcher would be examining the behavior and perception of the staff about their managers and supervisors. This requires the researchers subjective interpretation of the phenomena and includes proper understanding and interpretation of the data collected (Meel, 2000). However, to some extent the research philosophy would also include realism.This philosophy bypasses the individuals thoughts and beliefs, of their organizational and suggests that there are lots of other issues that influence people in different way which they might not aware of (Saunders, 2003). This approach will be useful for the researcher in drawing his conclusion of the research. 3. 3. Research Approach The second step in the research process is the research approach. Research approach means that how the research in design and the conclusion is drawn to make explicit. There are two approaches of the research, deductive and inductive. In a deductive approach the researcher develop a theory or hypothesis and then design the research strategy to test the research hypothesis. Whereas in a inductive approach the researcher collect data from the respondents and then develop theory from the analysis of the data collected.The researcher approach in this research will be inductive as deductive reasoning is usually used for arguments based on rules, laws and principles whereas this research is tended to be based on observations. Inductive reasoning works from specific to more general informally its called bottom up approach. In inductive reasoning we take off from specific measures and observation and start to develop some patterns and regularities with the help of these. Once it is done a hypothesis is formulated and finally a conclusion or general theory is drawn up. In addition to this the conductive approach provides a rigid conclusion which does not allow alternative explanation (Saunders, 2003).The researcher has to collect data from TK MAXX staff and analyze to examine the behavior and motivation level and this is important that alternative explanations are also brought into consideration. This approach is also useful as developing own ideas and then proving it from the tests could result into the researcher being nonreversible towards either more favorable or unfavorable for TK MAXX. I have expanded the research strategy and added justification of research methodology chosen 3. 4. Research Strategy There are several strategies with which the research can be carried out. These mainly include the explanatory studies, survey, case study, grounded theory e. t. c . The strategy adopted by the researcher in TK MAXX are both the case study and survey strategy. survey includes prudent designing of questionnaire.The questionnaire will be standard for all interviewees and therefore the results can be compared. The strategy will help to interpret the quantitative data gathered in interviews. Secondly, case study includes investigation of a phen omenon using multiple sources of information. This approach is relevant to the TK MAXX research as the researcher will be interviewing individuals to determine the motivation in staff. In addition researcher would be evaluating the staff motivation policies through reviewing the documents available on websites and other publicly available documents. The other approaches like explanatory strategy is unlikely to be ruitful as these include detailed explanation of the data collection and could be vague for the quantitative analysis to be carried out. Grounded theory is kind of theory building. It is classic example of the inductive approach. The researcher would also be, to some extent, using the grounded theory strategy. This is due the reason that researcher will be taking drag in sectioned view due to time limitation. 3. 5. Time horizon The researcher had to decide the time required to carry out the research. The research is embedded with the time constraint and therefore the resea rcher has taken a cross sectional approach in this regard. This approach employs usually the surveys where a particular phenomenon is observed (Saunders, 2003).The researcher has ignored the longitudinal approach, which includes observing the phenomena over a long tip of time (Earl Babbie, 2010). It is obviously not possible for the TK MAXX research project due to time constraints. The researcher is going to conduct the interviews of the staff and will have (what Saunders call) snapshot of inside TK MAXX motivation which helped to save considerable amount of time. There could be some limitations of the approach as it is the observation of particular phenomena at one point of time. The researcher has countered the issue by increasing its sample size. Increasing the sample size will help to determine different individuals view of TK MAXX staff motivation.It can be expected that most the interviewees have developed their views over a long period of time and therefore they will contrib ute constructive ideas. 3. 6. Data collecting Techniques The researcher has used different methods of collecting data. It has already been discussed that the researcher will be analyzing the qualitative and quantitative data. The methods mainly include the qualitative interviews, questionnaire and secondary data will be access through E-journals and different websites. There are different methods for data collection such as through telephone, postal, electronic or self-administered. For questionnaire, researcher has used the self administer technique.This technique is